Have you ever played a "friendly" game of poker? Not the high-stakes, sunglasses-at-night kind, but the one in a friend's basement with a bag of chips and a questionable dip.
You quickly realize the game isn't just about the cards in your hand. It's about the other players. It’s about noticing that your friend Dave from accounting only bets big when he has pocket Aces, or that Sarah nervously fiddles with her chips when she's bluffing. You're not just playing the odds; you're reading the table.
Your business operates at a digital poker table every single day. Your competitors are sitting right there with you, and trust me, they have tells. Lots of them.
We're often sold this idea that we need some wildly expensive, top-secret software to "spy" on our rivals. And look, some of those tools are nice. But I'll let you in on a secret that took me an embarrassing amount of time and wasted ad budget to learn: the most powerful weapon in your arsenal isn't espionage; it's structured curiosity.
It’s about knowing which questions to ask. The answers are almost always hiding in plain sight.
So, let's read the table. Here is the definitive checklist of questions. This isn't just a list; it's a new set of eyes.
Reading the Table: The Competitor Analysis Checklist
Now that you have the right mindset, let's get tactical.
We've broken down the entire competitive landscape into key areas—from your competitors' website's foundation to the ads they're betting on. Each section below uses a toggle format, containing the exact questions you need to ask. Open any question that piques your interest, or go through them one by one for a complete 360-degree view of your competition.
The Digital Body Language (Website & SEO Strategy)
Think of a competitor's website as their home turf, their "tell" at the poker table. Is it a fortress? Is it welcoming? Is it built on a solid foundation, or is it a house of cards held up by a pretty design? This is where you start.
Evaluate a competitor's website by manually testing its usability, design, and mobile-friendliness from the perspective of a potential customer. The goal is to identify points of friction you can improve upon.
- Quick Guide:
- Perform the 5-Second Test: Open their homepage. Can you identify what they do and who they serve in under 5 seconds?
- Test One Core Funnel: Try to complete one key action (e.g., buy a product, sign up for a demo). Document every step and point of friction.
- Run a Mobile-First Audit: Use your phone to check navigation, form submissions, and overall readability.
➡️ Learn the full process in HubSpot's excellent guide to Conducting a Competitor UX Analysis.
You can find the keywords your competitors are focusing on by using an SEO tool to analyze their domain. This reveals the search terms that bring them the most organic traffic and shows their strategic priorities.
- Quick Guide:
- Use a Keyword Gap Tool: Use a tool like Semrush's Keyword Gap to directly compare your keyword profile to a competitor's.
- Analyze Top Pages: Look at a competitor's top-performing pages in an SEO tool to see the keywords that drive the most traffic.
- Filter by Intent: Separate their keywords into informational ("how to..."), commercial ("best..."), and transactional ("buy...") categories.
➡️ For a complete tutorial, see the Search Engine Journal's guide on How to Do Competitor Keyword Research.
Assess the quality of a competitor's backlinks by looking at the authority and relevance of the websites linking to them. A few links from high-authority, relevant sites are far more valuable than thousands of links from spammy ones.
- Quick Guide:
- Run a Backlink Report: Enter a competitor's domain into a tool like Moz or Ahrefs to get a full list of their backlinks.
- Assess Domain Authority: Check the Domain Authority/Rating of the linking sites. A few links from high-authority sites are a strong signal.
- Look for Link Context: Are the links coming from relevant guest posts, resource pages, or news mentions?
➡️ For advanced techniques, follow Moz's classic How-to on Competitor Backlink Analysis.
Check a competitor's website health by analyzing its technical performance, primarily its loading speed. A slow, technically unsound site creates a poor user experience and is penalized by search engines.
- Quick Guide:
- Test Page Speed: Use Google's PageSpeed Insights to get a performance score for their key pages (homepage, product pages).
- Check Mobile-Friendliness: Use Google's Mobile-Friendly Test to ensure their site is properly configured for mobile devices.
- Perform a Site Crawl: Use a tool like Screaming Frog to crawl their site and identify technical errors like broken links or improper redirects.
➡️ For a full checklist, use Backlinko's definitive guide to a Technical SEO Audit.
My First 'Aha!' Moment
For years, I thought more links were always better. It wasn't until I analyzed a competitor with half our links but double our traffic that I understood. They had just three links from highly respected industry news sites. It taught me that a handful of authoritative "vouches" is worth more than a thousand spammy whispers. That's when quality over quantity really clicked.
The Table Talk (Content & Messaging)
Now, listen to what they're saying. Their content is the story they're spinning to convince everyone—their customers, their investors, and you—that they hold the winning hand. What story is it? And is anyone listening?
Analyze a competitor's messaging by reading the copy on their homepage, "About Us" page, and key product pages. Look for the core promise they make to their customers.
- Quick Guide:
- Identify the Value Proposition: In 5 seconds on the homepage, can you understand what they sell, to whom, and why it's special?
- Analyze Tone of Voice: Collect snippets of their copy. Is the language formal, casual, humorous, or highly technical?
- Map Core Objections: Read their FAQ and case study pages to see what customer pain points they are directly addressing.
➡️ For a deeper look, check out this guide on Analyzing a Competitor's Brand Strategy.
The Entourage (Social Media & Community)
A competitor's social media is their entourage. It's the crowd they bring with them. Is it a huge, engaged fanbase hanging on every word, or is it a small, polite group of employees and their moms? The vibe of their community tells you a lot.
And that vibe translates directly to the bottom line. It's why 71% of consumers are likely to recommend a brand if they have a positive social media experience with it—proving that real engagement is far more valuable than a passive follower count.
Analyze social media engagement by calculating their average engagement rate (total likes, comments, shares divided by follower count). This metric is more important than follower count alone.
- Quick Guide:
- Sample Recent Posts: Tally the total interactions on their last 10 posts.
- Calculate the Rate: Divide the total interactions by 10 (to get the average per post), then divide by their total follower count, and multiply by 100 to get the percentage.
- Analyze Comment Quality: Read the comments to gauge sentiment. Are they from real, engaged fans or from spam bots?
➡️ For benchmarks and formulas, see Hootsuite's guide on What Is a Good Engagement Rate?
The Bets on the Table (Advertising & Sales Funnels)
This is where the money goes. Forget what they say they care about; their ad strategy shows what they truly value. You can see exactly which cards they're betting on to win.
The Ace Up Your Sleeve: Using AI for a Faster Read
So, you’ve learned to read the table. You know how to watch the players, understand their tells, and see where they're placing their bets. This is the foundational human skill of strategy, and it will always be your most important asset.
But what if you had a co-pilot? An analyst who could watch thousands of hours of game tape and give you the highlights in minutes? That's what AI is for. It's not a magic bullet that does the thinking for you. It's a powerful assistant that does the heavy lifting with you.
This isn't just a theory; it's a widespread practice. According to recent reports compiled by Mailmodo, over 68% of marketers are already using AI in their daily work, citing benefits like faster workflows and the elimination of busywork to focus on high-level strategy.
Pro Tip: The AI Strategy Synthesizer
One of the most powerful uses for AI is final synthesis. After you've gathered your data (top keywords, content themes, ad copy examples), feed it all into a single, detailed prompt.
Ask the AI to "Act as a marketing strategist and create a summary of this company's likely digital marketing strategy, their primary target audience, and their core value proposition." This can reveal connections you might have missed.
The Problem: Flying Blind with a Leaky Ship

Alright. Take a deep breath. Look back at that list of questions.
If you’re feeling a little overwhelmed, that’s normal. If you're feeling like you haven't been asking any of them, you're not alone. And if you're suddenly feeling a creeping sense of dread... well, that’s the point.
Because now we have to talk about the problem. And the problem isn't that you don't have a fancy dashboard. The problem is that without knowing those answers, you're flying completely blind. You're at the poker table, staring intently at your own two cards, with absolutely no idea what anyone else is doing.
But let’s pause for a moment of brutal honesty.
A Critical Prerequisite: Your House Must Be in Order
All the competitive analysis in the world—every scrap of data, every insight—is utterly useless if your own house isn't in order. Knowing your competitor's every move is pointless if you trip over your own shoelaces on the way into the ring. All the traffic you could ever dream of winning won't mean a thing if it arrives on a website that's slow, confusing, and fails to convert.
It's no exaggeration: according to Google, the probability of a user bouncing increases by 32% as page load time goes from 1 to 3 seconds. Furthermore, a frustrating experience has lasting consequences, as a study cited by Invesp found that 86% of consumers would abandon a brand after just two poor service interactions.
Before you obsess over your rival's strategy, you must have a solid foundation. This means a relentless focus on your own User Experience (UX), your site's Speed, and your Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO). This isn't just a side project; it's the bedrock of your entire digital presence, a deep topic all its own.
Here are two essentials guides to help:
Once your ship is seaworthy, then you can worry about the pirates on the horizon. Because when you ignore them, the consequences are swift and severe. Flying blind in a competitive market leads to a few predictable and painful outcomes:
The problem, in short, is that you're working harder, not smarter. You're guessing, hoping, and reacting, while your competitors are observing, planning, and executing with precision.
The Slow Burn of Being Outplayed

But what does "being outmaneuvered" actually feel like? It’s not a line item on a spreadsheet. It’s a series of slow-motion gut punches that happen over weeks and months.
It’s the feeling of spending a full quarter planning and launching a brilliant marketing campaign, pouring your team’s heart and soul into it, only to watch it land with a deafening thud. Then, a week later, you stumble upon a six-month-old podcast episode where your competitor’s marketing head explains exactly why that angle doesn’t work in your market. The problem isn’t just that you failed; it’s that the answer was sitting there the whole time, and you never knew to look.
It's the frustration of seeing your ad costs creep up. You’re paying more for every single click, for fewer and fewer results. You assume it’s the economy, an algorithm change, anything—until you realize your sharpest competitor has silently cornered a more profitable, adjacent keyword that you never even considered.
The stakes are higher than most people realize. The #1 organic result on Google receives an average click-through rate of nearly 40%, while second-page results get less than 1% of clicks. Falling behind isn't just losing a position; it's becoming practically invisible.
Worst of All...
It's the quiet, sinking feeling that you’re falling behind. It’s not a sudden collapse; it’s a slow erosion. A key metric that plateaus, then dips. A customer who mentions they almost went with a rival because their "process seemed easier." It’s the nagging suspicion that you're running harder and harder on a treadmill, just to stay in the same place, while others are calmly striding past you.
This is the real cost of flying blind. It’s not just about missed opportunities; it’s about the wasted effort, the lost momentum, and the demoralizing sense of being perpetually one step behind.
But the game is still being played. And looking at your cards is no longer enough. The only way to win is to lift your head, read the table, and play the other players with confidence. The checklist you have in your hands isn't a chore. It's the antidote. It’s the way you stop guessing and start strategizing. It's how you turn the tables for good.
Competitor Research: Further FAQs
Yes, you can get surprisingly far with free tools. Manually searching Google, using the Facebook Ad Library, and running speed tests with Google's PageSpeed Insights are all free. The paid tools (like Ahrefs or Semrush) just make the process much faster and provide more data in one place.
If you only have time for one thing, focus on their top 5 organic keywords and top 5 pages. This tells you what their audience cares about most and what content is successfully driving their business. It's the highest-leverage insight you can get quickly.
Your First Move for Competitor Research
You now know how to read the table. The next step is to make your first smart bet. In the digital world, that bet is always on choosing the right keywords.
It’s one thing to know which keywords your competitors are targeting; it's another to find the high-value opportunities they've completely overlooked. If you’re ready to move from analysis to action and build a strategy that can truly dominate the search results, your perfect next play is our definitive guide to modern keyword research.
It's your turn to raise the stakes.
Thank you for your reply, Aaron! I totally agree that the best time to do this kind of research and form a USP (or several potential USPs to test) is BEFORE starting a business and building a website. 🙂
Great tip about the 1-star reviews! For physical products, I like checking out the “highest rated negative review” on Amazon as well. A 1-star review can sometimes just be an irrational rage-fest, but a well thought-out 2 or 3 star review can be really insightful.
Hello Hash,
Thank you for your comment!
There’s nothing I can summarize in a comment that will really give you an edge in the ever-evolving SEO game. The one thing I can say is that for a long time now, SEO has been about consistency. In your position, I’d work on a 12 to 18 month plan for content marketing and SEO.
That’s a good question, David. I don’t have an answer. With all the SaaS solutions out there that offer a free trial or free plan, I think you’re rather spoilt for choice when it comes to finding examples.